Champagne Puzzle

Champagne (French: [ʃɑ̃.paɲ]; English /ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/) is a sparkling wine produced from grapes grown in the Champagne region of France following rules that demand secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to create carbonation.[1] Some use the term Champagne as a generic term for sparkling wine,[2][3] but the majority of countries reserve the term exclusively for sparkling wines that come from Champagne and are produced under the rules of the appellation.[4]
A glass of Champagne exhibiting the characteristic bubbles associated with the wine

The primary grapes used in the production of Champagne are black Pinot noir and Pinot Meunier but also white Chardonnay. Champagne appellation law only allows grapes grown according to appellation rules in specifically designated plots within the appellation to be used in the production of Champagne.

Royalty became associated with Champagne in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The leading manufacturers made efforts to associate their Champagnes with nobility and royalty through advertising and packaging, which led to popularity among the emerging middle class.