BMI(體重健康檢測)

最有利於健康與壽命的理想值為22，＋10%內都是符合理想的範圍，男女皆相同，通常年輕者適用較低的BMI值，年長者適用較高的BMI值。根據BMI值 與個人身高，就可以推算個人的理想體重。


成 人的體重分級與標準
分 級 身體質量指數
體重過輕 BMI ＜ 18.5
正常範圍 18.5 ≦ BMI ＜24
過 重 24 ≦ BMI ＜ 27
輕度肥胖 27 ≦ BMI ＜ 30
中度肥胖 30 ≦ BMI ＜ 35
重度肥胖 BMI ≧ 35
資料來源：衛生署食品資訊網／ 肥胖及體重控制

肥胖的定義是指體內脂肪過量。以體重為基準，正常體脂肪含量在男性為12～20%，女性為20～30﹪；維持健康之最低體脂肪量分別是男性3﹪，女性 10～12﹪，過低也不利健康，女性會有停經的症狀。

由於成年人不再成長，體重的增加表示脂肪的增加，因此BMI過高可以代表肥胖，根據國防部的規定，我國役男體位以BMI>33可免役；如果運動員有 發達的肌肉，也可能有較高的BMI值，但並不一定是肥胖。

身體質量指數也會影響壽命的長短。BMI偏高或偏低的民眾，都不比BMI介於22-25之間的民眾來的長壽，也較容易得到疾病。因此，維持理想體重的重要 性可見一般。身體質量指數也會影響壽命的長短。BMI偏高或偏低的民眾，都不比BMI介於22-25之間的民眾來的長壽，也較容易得到疾病。

根據許多研究報告指出，過高的BMI將使某些特定疾病的風險大幅提高。例如：高血壓、心臟血管疾病、關節炎、女性不孕症等。BMI愈高，罹患疾病的機率愈 高，身體質量指數與健康息息相關，身體質量指數只要超過24，與肥胖相關疾病的危險因素開始增加。


與體脂肪過多相關的健康問題
健康問題 可能原因
外科手術的危險 麻醉劑用量增加和傷口感染的機 率較大。
呼吸系統的疾病 肺功能的負荷加重。
成年型糖尿病
(非 胰島素依賴型糖尿病) 脂肪細胞增大，導致與胰島素的 結合不良，以及胰島素的訊息傳至細胞的反應不良，胰島素抗性增強。
高血壓 主因尚未證實，但發現在脂肪組 織中血管的分佈增加。
冠狀動脈心臟病 不僅血清中膽固醇和三甘油脂濃 度增加，同時身體的活動力降低。
骨骼和關節的病症 膝關節、腳踝和髖關節的負荷過 重。
膽囊結石 膽囊中的膽固醇含量增加。。
皮膚病 皮膚皺褶處，水份較高，微生物 易滋生。
各種的癌症 雌性激素可由脂肪細胞產生；由 動物實驗顯示攝取過多的能量會助長癌細胞的發展。。
身高較矮(某些肥胖型) 青春期較早開始。。
懷孕的危險 分娩較困難；若需要使用麻醉 劑，其劑量增加。
較早死亡 如上所述，各種致病的危險因 子。。

根據最新的全國營養調查指出，國人代謝症候群的危險性在BMI 24以上時明顯的增加。BMI愈高，罹患肥胖相關疾病機率愈高，如糖尿病、高血壓、心臟病及高脂血症等。在肥胖與不孕分析上，BMI 超過25者較不易懷孕，女性有卵子品質不好、無法正常排卵的情形，男性則是精子活動力差、精蟲數量少，且隨著肥胖度增高，男、女的精子、卵子品質愈差。


19-44歲國人常用肥胖指標值

體 位 指 標 男性 女性
身體質量指數BMI 26.4 26.4
腰臀圍比 0.9 0.85
三頭肌皮脂厚度(mm) 20 28
體脂肪 (%） 25 30

因此，維持理想體重的重要性可見一般。 Most conducive to the health and life of the ideal value of 22, + 10% are in line within the ideal range, are the same for men and women, who are usually young and lower BMI values ​​apply, seniors apply a higher BMI values. According to BMI values ​​and personal height, you can calculate the individual's ideal body weight.


A person's weight and grading criteria
Body mass index grading
Underweight BMI <18.5
The normal range of 18.5 ≦ BMI <24
Overweight 24 ≦ BMI <27
Mildly obese 27 ≦ BMI <30
Moderately obese 30 ≦ BMI <35
Severe obesity BMI ≧ 35
Source: Department of Health, Food News / Obesity and Weight Control

Definition of obesity is excess body fat finger. Body weight as a benchmark, in men with normal body fat content of 12 to 20 percent of women 20 to 30%; the lowest amount of fat to maintain the health of the body were three percent of men, women 10 to 12%, is too low adverse health, women have menopause symptoms.

 Because adults are no longer growing, representing an increase of fat weight gain, and therefore may represent too high BMI obesity, under the Department of Defense, our draftees position to BMI> 33 can immunizations; if athletes have developed muscles, may also have higher BMI values, but not necessarily obese.

 Body Mass Index will also affect the length of life. High or low BMI people, no more than a BMI between 22-25 people to longevity, are more likely to get the disease. Therefore, the importance of maintaining ideal body weight seen in general. Body Mass Index will also affect the length of life. High or low BMI people, no more than a BMI between 22-25 people to longevity, are more likely to get the disease.

 According to many studies have shown that high BMI risk of certain diseases will allow a substantial increase. For example: high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, female infertility. The higher the BMI, the higher the chances of suffering from the disease, body mass index and health are closely related, as long as the body mass index over 24, and obesity-related risk factors for the disease begins to increase.


And excess body fat related health problems
Possible Cause Health Problems
Dangerous anesthetic agent to increase the amount of surgery and wound greater chance of infection.
Respiratory disease load increased lung function.
Adult Diabetes
(Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) fat cells increase, resulting in poor binding with the insulin, and the insulin message transmitted adverse cells, insulin resistance is enhanced.
The main cause of high blood pressure has not been confirmed, but found to increase the distribution of blood vessels in the adipose tissue.
Coronary heart disease is not only an increase in serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, while reducing the body's motility.
Bone and joint disease of the knee, ankle and hip overloaded.
Increase gallstone gallbladder cholesterol. .
Dermatological skin folds, high moisture, microbial easy to breed.
A variety of cancers of estrogen produced by fat cells; from animal experiments have shown that excessive consumption of energy will contribute to the development of cancer cells. .
Height shorter (some obese) start puberty earlier. .
The risk of pregnancy more difficult childbirth; if you need to use anesthetic, the dose is increased.
Early death mentioned above, a risk factor for a variety of pathogenic. .

According to the latest national nutrition survey found that people at risk of metabolic syndrome when BMI 24 or more increased significantly. The higher the BMI, the higher the chances of suffering from obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and hyperlipidemia. Analysis on obesity and infertility, BMI over 25 are less likely to be pregnant, women have a bad egg quality, the situation can not be normal ovulation, the male sperm motility is poor, less sperm quantity, and with the degree of obesity increased, male, sperm, egg quality woman worse.


19-44-year-old obese people commonly index value
 
Indicators Male Female Body
Body mass index BMI 26.4 26.4
Waist-hip ratio 0.9 0.85
Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) 20 28
Body fat (%) 25 30

Therefore, the importance of maintaining ideal body weight seen in general.