三国志

《三国志》是由西晋陈寿所著，记载中国三国时代历史的断代史，同时也是二十四史中评价最高的“前四史”之一。
陈寿曾任职于蜀汉，蜀汉灭亡之后，被征入洛阳，在西晋也担任了著作郎的职务。《三国志》在此之前已有草稿，当时魏、吴两国先已有史，如王沈的《魏书》、鱼豢的《魏略》、韦昭的《吴书》，此三书当是陈寿依据的基本材料，蜀国无史，故自行采集，仅得十五卷。而最终成书，却又有史官职务作品的因素在内，因此《三国志》是三国分立时期结束后文化重新整合的产物。三国志最早以《魏志》、《蜀志》、《吴志》三书单独流传，直到北宋咸平六年（1003年）三书已合为一书。

[历史跨度]
《三国志》记述的历史从东汉末年的黄巾之乱发生后开始，直到西晋统一三国为止，也就是从汉灵帝中平元年（184年），到晋武帝太康元年（280年）九十多年的历史。全书原共分为四部分，六十六卷：《魏志》三十卷，《蜀志》十五卷，《吴志》二十卷，叙录一卷，后来叙录一卷缺失[1]。原是各自为书，一直到北宋才合而为一，改称《三国志》。

[政治立场]
陈寿为晋代官员，故而尊被迫禅让给晋的曹魏为正统。
《魏志》中对魏国皇帝各立了本纪，且还为生前无帝号的曹操写了本纪。而魏国称王、称帝、治丧等相关的文告皆阙，仅引用一篇较短的《汉献帝禅让策文》，其他的只能见于裴注。
而相反称帝了的刘备，则立篇名为《先主传》，不直称名讳，死时则使用与“崩”字同等地位的“殂”字。[2]而刘备称王、称帝、治丧等相关的文告皆详细记载，可能与故国情愫有关。蜀汉第二任皇帝刘禅，则称《后主传》。
《吴志》中则称呼吴国皇帝的名讳，如《孙权传》、《孙亮孙休孙皓传》，而现今则称《吴主传》、《三嗣主传》则是后人所改的。孙权宣布称帝，《吴主传》中仅有“南郊即皇帝位”的文句，其登坛告天的文书，传中也没有著录，只出现在裴注之中。
同时为了尊重晋朝统治者，书中并未为被晋武帝司马炎追谥为帝的祖父司马懿、伯父司马师、父亲司马昭立传记。此外，作者还略去了由于被曹操加上重大罪名而处死的知名人物孔融。

[体例特点]
《三国志》虽然被后世称为“志”，但是其实全书完全是按人物排列的本纪和列传，没有任何如地理、经济、典章制度等的志书或表的内容。

"Three Kingdoms" is written from the west 晋陈寿, dating documented history of the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history, but also one of the highest evaluated Twenty-Four Histories "pre Sishi."
Shou Shu worked after, Shu perish, was conscripted into Luoyang, also served in the Western Jin Zhu Zuolang duties. "Three Kingdoms" has drafts before that, at the time of Wei, Wu has been the history of the first two countries, such as Wang Shen, "Wei", Yu Huan's "Wei slightly," Wei Zhao, "Wu book," This is the third book when Chen Shou basic material basis, Shu no history, so their own collection, was only 15 volumes. The final book, but there are factors, including the historian's office works, so "Three Kingdoms" is a product of cultural re-integration of the three countries after the end of the separation period. Three Kingdoms Earliest "Wei Zhi", "Shu Zhi", "Wu" three books circulated separately until the Northern Song Xianping six years (1003) three books have been combined into one book.

[History span]
    "Three Kingdoms" chronicles the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty from the Yellow Turbans chaos occurs begin until the Western Jin Dynasty unified the three countries so far, that is, from Zhongping Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty (184 years), the Emperor Wu Tai first year (280 years) nine ten years of history. The book is divided into four parts original, sixty-six: "Wei Zhi" thirty volumes, "Shu Zhi" fifteen volumes, "Wu" twenty volumes, Syria recorded a roll, then roll Syria recorded missing [1]. Each book was originally, until the Northern Song Dynasty was one, was renamed "The Three Kingdoms."

[Political positions]
    Shou is the Jin Dynasty officials, and therefore to respect the forced abdication of Wei Jin orthodox.
"Wei Zhi" in the legislation of each of the emperor of Wei Ji, and also for the lifetime no Emperor Cao Cao wrote the discipline. And Wei king, emperor, funeral and other related proclamations are Que, only a short reference to "Emperor Xian of Han demise policy text", the other can only be found in PEI note.
By contrast the emperor Liu Bei, is forearmed chapter titled "First Lord", said the taboo is not straight, use the "collapse" of equal status word "pass away" word when he died. [2] and Liu Bei king, emperor, funeral and other related proclamations are well documented, may be associated with feelings about the homeland. The second emperor of Shu Liu Shan, called "emperor pass."
"Wu" in the title Emperor Wu of the taboo, such as "Sun Quan" and "The Sun Liang Sun Closed Sun Hao Biography", and now called "Master Wu Chuan", "three main heir Biography" is the change of generations . Sun Quan declared emperor, "Master Wu Chuan", only "in the southern suburbs that emperor" of the motion, which ascend the altar tell-day instruments, biography nor a record, only in PEI among injection.
Meanwhile, in order to respect the Jin dynasty rulers, the book was not to be chasing the posthumous title of Emperor Wu grandfather Emperor Wudi of Sima Yi, Sima Shi uncle, father Division 马昭立 biography. In addition, the authors also omitted due to be put to death on charges of Cao Cao major plus well-known figure Jung.

[Style features]
    "Three Kingdoms" although was later known as "chi", but in fact the book is entirely arranged by the discipline and character biographies, there is no such as geography, economics, laws and institutions, such as the chronicles or table of contents.