实用养花手册-家庭养花自学指南,花卉多肉植物种植方法,新手养花知识实用指南

阳台养花，需要根据阳台特点选择适宜生长的花卉种类，合理布局，巧用空间和细心养护，才能使花卉生长发育良好，充分显示其观赏效果。
（1）选择适宜在阳台上生长的花卉。目前我国居民楼的阳台从形式上看主要有三种类型，即：凸式阳台、凹式阳台和廊式阳台，但以凸式阳台居多。本文仅就这类阳台宜选择哪些花卉，作些简要介绍。朝南向的凸式阳台，阳光充足，光照时间长，宜选择喜欢光照的花卉，如米兰、茉莉、白兰、月季、扶桑、菊花、太阳花、代代、石榴、金橘、葡萄、仙人掌、仙人球以及耐热、耐旱的多肉植物等。朝北向的阳台，宜养喜阴或耐阴的观叶花卉，如观赏蕨、绿萝、蔓绿绒、万年青类、龟背竹、文竹、棕竹、玉簪、橡皮树等。朝东向的阳台，一般每天上千可以接受3－4个小时光照，下午只能接受一些散射光、因此宜养短日照花卉和喜半阴的花卉，如蟹爪兰、山茶、杜鹃、君子兰等。朝西向的阳台，上午较为荫蔽，中午以后光照强度较大，因此宜养耐半阴耐热的藤本花木，如络石、爬墙虎、凌霄、扶芳藤等，使之形成一片“绿色屏障”，夏季还可起到防西晒作用。
（2）合理布局，充分利用阳台空间。一个布局合理的阳台绿化装饰，从室内往外观望时，整个阳台类似自然界中的一个小框景，由外往里观望时，又好似一座花卉展鉴的小橱窗。阳台绿化的具体布局没有固定的模式，因阳台位置、大小及个人爱好来确定。一般地讲，既要注意整齐美观，避免杂乱无章，又要注意高低有序，错落有致，层次分明，还应注意留有相当空间，避免使人产生拥塞感。例如一个宽度为1m～1.2m，长3m的向阳阳台进行绿化装饰时，可在阳台外侧较宽的水泥栏杆上面摆放2～3盆中性喜光盆花在阳台的东侧设个3～5层木制或金属制作的小的梯形呆，依花卉习性由下而上分别摆放中、小型应时盆花数盆；在阳台西侧地面上设个小型种植槽，栽种爬墙虎、木香、香豌豆、小芦葫等攀援性或蔓生性花木。为了充分利用空间，可在阳台台板处或檐口处嵌镶吊钩，悬挂吊盆花卉。吊盆内种什么花，要视吊钩所处的位置而定。处在阳光充足处的，宜种喜光花卉；处在较遮荫处的宜种较耐阴花卉。吊盆内最好栽种枝叶下垂、轻巧碧绿、随风摇动、清秀潇洒的花卉，使人观之别有一番韵味。在阳台上养花必须注意安全，严防花盆坠落伤人。
（3）养护管理要细致周到。由于阳台环境较干燥，浇水一般要略多于露地，浇水次数由于各地气候条件不一样，应根据盆土实际干湿情况，按“见干见湿”的原则灵活掌握。由于多数阳台花卉难以得到自然雨露，因此人工喷雾显得十分重要。干旱季节和炎热的夏天，每天要向枝叶上喷雾数次，增加空气湿度，这对大多数花卉来说，都是非常有益的。一些养花行家常在阳台地面上铺砖洒水，因砖可渗容较多的水分，遇热后蒸发出来，从而提高空气湿度，这是一种既简便又有效的增湿措施。要使阳台花卉生长健壮，花繁叶茂，还要注意经常补充必要的营养元素。按照不同花卉需要的肥料种类，在培养土中适当多施些腐熟有机肥，生长旺季再追施若干次复合花肥。为保持株形优美，要注意做好摘心、抹芽、剪枝等项工作，并及时剪除残花枯枝，以减少营养消耗。对于趋光性强的花卉需要每隔几天转一次盆。北方地区盛夏天气炎热，此时中午前后要挂上苇帘或草帘遮荫，以防烈日曝晒。此外，盆栽最好使用经过消毒的培养土，则可减少病虫害发生。若有蚜虫、红蜘蛛、介壳虫、叶斑病、白粉病、黄化病等发生。 Balcony gardening, you need to select the type suitable for the growth of flowers according to the characteristics of the balcony, reasonable layout, clever use of space and careful maintenance in order to make flowers grow well developed, fully display its viewing.
(1) Select the appropriate flowers grown on the balcony. Current residential building our balcony from formal point of view there are three main types, namely: the male balconies, recessed balconies and gallery balcony, but raised mostly balcony. This article will discuss what kind of balcony should choose flowers, make some brief introduction. The projecting balcony facing south, sunny, light a long time, like the light should choose flowers, such as Milan, jasmine, brandy, rose, hibiscus, chrysanthemum, sunflowers, from generation to generation, pomegranate, kumquat, grapes, cactus, cactus and succulents and other heat-resistant, drought-tolerant. Balcony north direction, should raise the shade or shade foliage flowers, such as ornamental fern, green radish, Philodendron, evergreen type, Monstera, asparagus, excelsa, Hosta, rubber trees. Balcony east direction, typically thousands of 3-4 hours per day can accept light, PM can receive some of the scattered light, and therefore should raise short day flowers and floral hi half shade, such as schlumbergera, camellia, azalea, Clivia Wait. Balcony west direction, more shade morning, at noon after a large light intensity, and therefore should raise the heat resistance Fujimoto half shade plants, such as stone network, tiger climbing walls, Peak, Euonymus other so as to form a "green barrier ", the summer can also play a role in anti-western exposure.
(2) rational distribution, full use of the balcony space. A reasonable layout of green decorative balcony, watching from indoors out, similar to a small box the whole balcony scene in nature, while waiting to see inside from the outside, but also like a flower exhibition Kam small window. Balcony greening specific layout is no fixed pattern, due balcony location, size and personal preference to determine. Generally speaking, it is necessary to pay attention to neat appearance, to avoid clutter, and pay attention to the level of an orderly, patchwork, structured, attention should be sufficient leeway to avoid congestion makes sense. For example, a width of 1m ~ 1.2m, 3m long sunny balcony for greening can be placed on the outside of the balcony railing above wide cement 2-3 flower pots on the east side of the balcony Yoshimitsu provided a 3 to 5 layers production of small wood or metal ladder stay, by habit flowers were placed in the bottom, a small number of seasonal flower pots; mini-planted grooves provided on the west side of the balcony floor, planted tiger climbing walls, wood, sweet pea, gourd and other small reed climbing or trailing flowers and trees. In order to make full use of space, mosaic hook in the balcony or the platen at the eaves, the suspension Diaopen flowers. What kinds of flowers in the hanging pot, depending on the position in which the hook may be. In a sunny place, should flower species like light; in the shade more suitable species of flowers more shade. Diaopen best planted in the branches droop, light green, the wind shaking, flowers handsome dashing, view of people do have some charm. On the balcony gardening must pay attention to safety, to prevent pots fall injury.
(3) maintenance and management to careful and thoughtful. Since the balcony is dry environment, water is generally slightly more open field, watering frequency due to the climatic conditions are not the same all over, basin should be based on actual wet and dry conditions, according to "see dry see wet," the principle of flexibility. Since the majority of balcony flowers difficult to get natural rain, so the artificial spray is very important. The dry season and hot summer, spray several times a day would like the foliage, increase air humidity, which most of the flowers, it is very useful. Some flowers line on the balcony floor tiling homemade watering, because brick permeable capacity of more water, when heated to evaporate, thereby increasing air humidity, which is an easy and effective humidification measures. For robust growth balcony flowers, leafy, but also pay attention to often supplement the necessary nutrients. Fertilizer according to different types of flowers required, in an appropriate culture soil Dorsch more decomposed manure, several growing season and then topdressing compound fertilizers. In order to maintain a beautiful plant morphology, pay attention to good topping, Maya, pruning and other work, and promptly cut off stray twigs to reduce nutrient consumption. For phototaxis strong flower every few days turn a bowl. Northern summer hot weather, this time around noon to hang curtains reed or straw mat shade to avoid sun exposure. In addition, through the use of the best pot culture soil disinfection, can reduce pests and diseases. If aphids, spider mites, scale insects, leaf spot, powdery mildew, yellow disease occurred.